Introduction

Exfoliation is a key step in any well structured skin care routine. When dead cells accumulate on the surface, the complexion appears dull, uneven and rough. Gentle exfoliation removes this buildup so that fresher, healthier looking skin can come to the surface.

With the right technique, exfoliation supports better absorption of serums and moisturisers and enhances the overall results of your routine. The aim is to refine skin texture without causing irritation or damage to the barrier.

Types of Exfoliation

There are two primary methods of exfoliation used in modern skin care:

• Physical exfoliation: Uses a tool or scrub containing rounded particles to manually lift dead cells from the surface.
• Chemical exfoliation: Uses ingredients such as alpha hydroxy acids (AHA) and beta hydroxy acids (BHA) to dissolve the bonds between old cells in a controlled manner.

Choosing the Right Method for Your Skin Type

• Oily or acne prone skin: Often responds well to chemical exfoliants with BHA to help clear congestion.
• Normal to combination skin: Can usually tolerate a mix of mild physical and chemical exfoliation a few times each week.
• Dry or sensitive skin: Requires very gentle, low strength formulas applied less frequently in order to avoid redness and peeling.

Frequency and Best Practices

Most people benefit from exfoliating one to three times per week, depending on skin type and product strength. Over exfoliation can lead to sensitivity, fine flaking and a compromised barrier, so it is important to reduce frequency if these signs appear.

Always apply a broad spectrum sunscreen during the day after exfoliation, because newly revealed skin is more vulnerable to environmental stress and sun exposure.

When to Consider Professional Exfoliation

For more advanced concerns such as persistent dullness, acne scarring or uneven pigmentation, in clinic procedures like microdermabrasion, hydrafacial or medical grade peels may be recommended. These treatments should always be performed under the supervision of a trained skin professional for safe, predictable outcomes.